Optical properties of semiconductor materials -Optical absorption and emission-Diode lasers-edge emitting, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, direct modulation-frequency chirping-steady state characteristics-noise. Dielectric waveguides, perturbation and coupled mode theory, Photonic crystals, metamaterials, plasmonics, Integrated optics and photonic integrated circuits. Optical modulators-Electrooptic, Electro absorption, Photodetectors. Optical delay lines, Optical based true time delays. Optoelectronic integrated circuits, Silicon photonics.

On-chip RF passive components, resonant circuits, matching circuits. Noise – source, modelling, noise figure, noise temperature, noise figure of cascaded systems. Linearity – HD, IMD, IP2, IP3. ACLR, AACLR. Basics of wireless communication. LNA design, input matching for power, input matching for noise. Advanced LNA circuits. Mixer topologies – active and passive. Receiver architectures. Voltage controlled oscillator topologies – theory and design. Phase locked loops (PLL) – theory, design of individual elements and the complete system.

Introduction to Metamaterials: Electrodynamics of Left-Handed Media, Wave Propagation in Left-Handed Media, Energy Density and Group Velocity, Negative Refraction, Fermat Principle, Other Effects in Left-Handed Media, Inverse Doppler Effect Backward Cerenkov Radiation, Negative Goos–Hanchen Shift Backward Leaky and Complex Waves, Phase Compensation and Amplification of Evanescent Modes, Perfect Tunneling, The Perfect Lens, Losses and Dispersion

Cellular Concept: Frequency reuse, channel assignment, hand off, interference and system capacity, tracking and grade of service, improving coverage and capacity in cellular systems.

Remote sensing: definiion, Components of Remote Sensing - Energy, Sensor, Interacting Body - Active and Passive Remote Sensing – Platforms – Aerial and Space Platforms – Balloons, Helicopters, Aircraft and Satellites – Synoptivity and Repetivity – Electro Magnetic Radiation (EMR) – EMR spectrum – Visible, Infra Red (IR), Near IR, Middle IR, Thermal IR and Microwave – Black Body Radiation - Planc ’s law – Stefan Boltzman law.

Fundamental Concepts: Terrestrial links, satellite links, macrocells, microcells, picocells, bodycentric systems, UWB systems; Cellular concept; Multiple-access schemes and duplexing; Review of antenna parameters; Friss transmission formula.

Planar Optical Waveguides: Wave propagation in planar optical waveguides, ray theory, electromagnetic mode theory, phase and group velocity, dispersion. Optical Fibre Waveguides: Wave propagation in cylindrical fibres, modes and mode coupling, step and graded index fibres, single-mode fibres. Transmission Characteristics of Fibres: Attenuation, material absorption and scattering loss, bend loss, intra-modal and inter-modal dispersion in step and graded fibres, overall dispersion in single and multi-mode fibres.

Basic Principles: General features, frequency allocation for satellite services, properties of satellite communication systems.

Satellite Orbits: Introduction, Kepler's laws, orbital dynamics, orbital characteristics, satellite spacing and orbital capacity, angle of elevation, eclipses, launching and positioning, satellite drift and station keeping.

Satellite Construction (Space Segment): Introduction; attitude and orbit control system; telemetry, tracking and command; power systems, communication subsystems, antenna subsystem, equipment reliability and space qualification.

Phased Arrays in Radar and Communication Systems: System requirements for radar and communication antennas, Array characterization for radar and communication systems, Fundamental results from array theory, Array size determination, Time-delay compression. Pattern characteristics of Linear and Planar Arrays: Array analysis, characteristics of linear and planer arrays, scanning to end fire, Thinned arrays. Pattern Synthesis for Linear and Planar Arrays: Linear arrays and planar arrays with separable distributions, circular planar arrays and adaptive arrays.

Adaptive Array Concept: Motivation of using Adaptive Arrays, Adaptive Array problem statement, Signal Environment, Array Element Spacing considerations, Array Performance, Nulling Limitations due to miscellaneous array effects, Narrow band and broad band signal processing considerations Optimum Array Processing: Steady state performance limits and the Wiener solution, Mathematical Preliminaries, Signal Description for conventional and signal aligned arrays, Optimum Array Processing for narrowband applications, Optimum Array Processing for broadband applications, Optimum Array Processing for