Syllabus

Concept of fluid, Continum model, Lagrange and Eulerian description of fluid flow, continuity,
momentum and energy equations, boundary layer theory, turbulent flow, Inertial
and Non Inertial frames; Fundamental Forces - Pressure Gradient Forces, Gravitational Force,
Friction or Viscous Force, Apparent forces -Centrifugal Force, Coriolis force, Rossby number,
Effective Gravity; Hydrostatic balance, Momentum Equations-Cartesian Coordinate System,
Spherical – Polar coordinate system. Scale analysis of momentum equations. Balanced motion -
Geotropic Wind, Gradient Wind, Inertial flow, Cyclostropic flow, Thermal wind, Continuity
equation – Horizontal divergence, Vertical motion. Isobaric coordinate System -Transformation
of momentum & continuity equations. Circulation & Vorticity – Kelvins circulation theorem,
Bjerknes circulation theorem. Application to Land & Sea breeze.
Vorticity equation. Potential vorticity - Application to Lee of the mountain trough, divergence
equation, linear and non-linear balance equations, scale analysis of vorticity and divergence
equations for planetary and synoptic scale motions;
Atmospheric waves –sound wave, gravity wave, Rossby wave, Quasi-geostrophic analysis- quasigeostrophic
omega equation,the general circulation- available potential energy,-barotropic
instability, baroclinic instability, tropical dynamics