Introduction to Turbomachines. Dimensional Analyses and Performance Laws.

Axial Flow Compressors and Fans: Introduction – aero-thermodynamics of flow through an axial flow compressor stage – losses in axial flow compressor stage – losses and blade performance estimation, radial equilibrium equation – design of compressor blades – 2-D blade section design, axial compressor characteristics – multi-staging of compressor characteristics – high Mach number compressor stages – stall and surge phenomenon – low speed ducted fans.

Elements of rocket propulsion – nozzle design, characteristic parameters, heterogeneous flow analysis – aerothermochemistry of combustion, dissociation, equilibrium composition, adiabatic temperature, and combustion product equilibrium flow nozzle expansion – elements of solid propellant system – internal ballistics and design of solid propellant – grain design and optimization – elements of liquid propulsion system – design and selection of injectors, combustion chambers, nozzle, cooling system, feed systems and tanks – combustion instability, low and high frequency instability and scaling

Introduction to combustion, thermochemistry – mass transfer – chemical kinetics, reaction mechanisms – modeling of reactors – laminar premixed flames – detonation – laminar diffusion flames – droplet combustion – introduction to turbulence – turbulent premixed flames – combustion instability – combustion diagnostics – solid combustion.

Cryogenic Engineering: Historical background and applications – gas liquefaction systems – gas separation and gas purification systems – cryogenic refrigeration systems – storage and handling of cryogens – cryogenic insulations – liquefied natural – gas-properties of materials of low temperatures – material of construction and techniques of fabrication – instrumentation – ultra-low temperature techniques – application.

History of aviation – types of flying machines – anatomy of an aircraft; fundamental aerodynamic variables – aerodynamic forces – lift generation – airfoils and wings – aerodynamic moments – concept of static stability – control surfaces; mechanism of thrust production – propellers – jet engines and their operation – elements of rocket propulsion; loads acting on an aircraft – load factor for simple maneuvers – Vn diagrams; aerospace materials; introduction to aerospace structures; basic
orbital mechanics – satellite orbits; launch vehicles and reentry bodies.

1-D Gas Dynamics: governing equations – isentropic flow with area change, area-Mach number re- lations – R-H equations – normal shocks. 1-D Wave Motion: wave propagation – simple and finite waves – Reimann shock tube problem – 2-D waves, governing equations – oblique shocks, charts, shock polar and pressure deflection diagrams – Prandtl–Meyer expansion waves – reflection and interaction of waves – supersonic free jets.

Description of essential features of aircraft, rocket and spacecraft structures – type of loads on flight structures – bending, shear and torsion of open and closed thin-walled beams – monocoque, stiffened plate, isogrid and sandwich constructions – idealization and stress analysis of typical aerospace structural components – pressurized structures – stress discontinuities – effects of cut-outs – effects of boundary conditions in open and closed section beams – structural fatigue.

Panel methods – unsteady potential flows – compressible flow over wings – axisymmetric flows and slender body theories – flight vehicle aerodynamics – rotor aerodynamics – low Reynolds number aerodynamics – flapping wings – two- and three-dimensional flow separation.

Fundamental aspects of structural dynamics – free vibration and modal representation of flexible structures – application to beam extension, shear, bending and torsion dynamics – static aeroelasticity – wind tunnel models – divergence and aileron reversal – Lifting surfaces: torsional divergence and load redistribution, aeroelastic tailoring – aeroelastic flutter – stability characteristics – Flutter analysis: wind tunnel models – flexible wings.