Semiconductor fundamentals, crystal structure, concept of effective-mass, Fermi level, energy‐band diagram, concept of holes, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, carrier concentration, carrier transport, scattering and drift of electrons and holes, drift and diffusion, generation and recombination, quasi-Fermi levels.

Semiconductor junctions, Physical description of p‐n junction, p-n junction under forward and reverse bias, current – voltage characteristics and temperature dependence, tunneling current and tunnel diode, small signal ac analysis.

Vector Calculus: scalar and vector fields – level surfaces – directional derivatives, gradient, curl, divergence – Laplacian – line and surface integrals – theorems of Green, Gauss, and Stokes.

Sequences and Series of Functions: complex sequences – sequences of functions – uniform convergence of series – test for convergence – uniform convergence for series of functions.

DC Circuit Analysis: Network Theorems - Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem, Superposition theorem, Maximum power transfer theorem.

AC Circuit Analysis: Basic concepts of AC circuits – RMS value and average value – Behavior of resistor, capacitor, and inductor in AC circuits – Sinusoidal steady-state analysis of AC circuits – Power factor - Resonance in AC circuits. Introduction To Magnetic Theory.

Diode: Clipping, clamping circuits, applications in rectifiers and power supplies.

Vectors, Statics, and Kinematics: introduction to vectors (linear independence, completeness, basis, dimensionality), inner products, orthogonality – principles of statics, system of forces in plane and space, conditions of equilibrium – displacement, derivatives of a vector, velocity, acceleration – kinematic equations – motion in plane polar coordinates.

Newtonian Mechanics: momentum, force, Newton’s laws, applications – conservation of momentum, impulse, center of mass.

Sequence and Series of Real Numbers: sequence – convergence – limit of sequence – non decreasing sequence theorem – sandwich theorem (applications) – L'Hopital's rule – infinite series – convergence –geometric series – tests of convergence (nth term test, integral test, comparison test, ratio and root test) –alternating series and conditional convergence – power series.