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Awareness of the impact of environment on quality of life – natural resources – biological systems – bio‐geo chemical cycles – chemical processes; water treatment operations, water sampling, storage, quality measurement – oxygen demand – detection of pollutants – current environmental issues; pollutants, global warming, causes and consequences, air pollution,organic and inorganic air pollutants, smog‐acid mine drainage, accumulation of salts in water– soil formation; micro and macro nutrients in soil, pollutants in soil – green chemistry: an alternative tool for reducing pollution – enginee

Spectra of alkali atoms, vector atom model, LS and JJ couplings, doublet fine structure, two electron atom, Zeeman and Paschen-Back effect, normal and anomalous Zeeman effect, Stark effect. Symmetric and antisymmetric wave functions, Slater determinants, constant field approximation, Hartree-Fock method, Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Fine structure of spectral lines, nuclear spin and hyperfine structure, spectra of diatomic molecules, polyatomic molecules.

Thermodynamic system and state variables, zeroth law; equation of state, law of corresponding states; first law and its consequences, reversible, irreversible and quasi-static processes; second law: heat engines, concept of entropy and its statistical interpretation, entropy balance, maximum entropy and minimum energy; availability; properties of pure fluids, Maxwell’s relations, evaluation of thermodynamic properties; thermodynamic properties of gas mixtures.

Resistance measurement through Wheatstone bridge
◦          DC excitation

◦          AC excitation

Measurement of capacitance
◦          Wein bridge

◦          Schering bridge

◦          Small variation in capacitance

Inductive transducers
◦          Inductance measurement

◦          LVDT

Law of distance and absorption of gama or beta rays using Geiger-Muller counter
 

Zeeman effect
Fine structure effect
One electron and two electron spectra
Atomic spectra of two electron systems
Balmer series: determination of Rydberg's constant
Magnetostriction measurement with Michelson interferometer
Statistical analysis of data using charging and discharging of a capacitor
X-ray fluorescence
Moseley's law using NaI(Ti) scintillator detector
Gamma ray spectroscopy
Fourier series

Classification of signals and systems, Types of signals, Transformation of independent variable, Periodic signals and Periodicity, Types of systems, Analysis of Continuous Time Signals and LTI systems: Convolution, Impulse response, Trigonometric and exponential Fourier series, Eigen functions of LTI systems, Fourier Transform, Magnitude and Phase Spectra, Properties of Fourier Transform, Laplace Transform, Region of Convergence, Properties, Linear Constant coefficient Differential Equations, State Space Matrix for continuous time systems.

• Stokes parameter

• Diffraction at an edge

• Fourier optics

• Fiber optics-numerical aperture and fiber loss

• Measurement of refractive index and absorption coefficient

• Characterization of optical sources – LED and Laser diode

• Pockel effect

• Kerr effect

• Ultrasonic diffraction

• Holography

Social Science: introduction to sociology, anthropology – social science research design and sampling.

Ethics: professional and personal ethics – values & norms and human rights.

Fluid properties – fluid statics – fluid kinematics: material derivative, rotation, deformation – Reynolds transport theorem – physical conservation laws – integral and differential formulations – Navier-Stokes and energy equations – exact solution of Navier-Stokes equations: steady and unsteady flows – potential flows: basic flow patterns, superposition – waves in fluids – boundary layer theory: momentum integral approach, Blasius solution – introduction to turbulence.

Ray methods in optics, Fermats principle,ray transfer matrices(ABCD),unit planes, nodal planes, system of lens and mirrors.  Ray methods in  media with spatially varying refractive index. Aberrations, coma, astigmatism,
curvature, distortion and chromatic aberration.   (8 lectures)