Aberrations: Transverse ray and wave aberrations, chromatic aberration, Ray tracing: paraxial, finite and oblique rays, Image evaluation: transfer functions, point spread function, encircled energy and its computation and measurement, optimization techniques in lens design, merit function, damped least square methods, orthonormalization, and global search method, Tolerance analysis; Achromatic doublets, achromats and aplanats; Cooke triplet and its derivatives; Double Gauss lens, Zoom lenses and aspherics, GRIN optics, focal shift, high and low N number focusing systems, focusing of light i

Atmospheric turbulence – source of turbulence: free atmosphere, mirror seeing, dome seeing, boundary layer. Role of Kelvin-Helmoltz instability. Kolmogorov model of turbulance. Outer scale and inner scale,Reynolds number.

Basic characteristic of Optical Fiber Waveguides – Ray theory- Acceptance angle, Numerical aperture,skew rays - Electromagnetic Modes in Planar waveguides and Cylindrical Waveguides, Goos-Haenchen shift - Step index and Graded index Fibers- Single Mode and multimode fibers Dispersion in single mode fibers- dispersion induced limitations- dispersion management, Fiber lossesattenuation coefficient, Nonlinear optical effects-SRS, SBS, SPM - modal birefringence and polarization maintaining fibers Measurement Methods in Optical Fibers – attenuation, refractive index profile, numerical aperture p

1. The Kronig-Penney model.
2. N-particle linear chain model.
3. Scalar potental in the cylindrical magnet.
4. Parallel-plate capacitor in two dimensions.
5. Heat flow in a metal bar.
6. Semiclassical quantization of molecular vibrations: Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization for bound states of the Lennard-Jones Potential
7. Hartree-Fock solutions of small atomic systems in the filling approximation.
8. Ground state of many electron system using density functional theory (DFT).
9. Calculation of energy bands in crystals.