Law of distance and absorption of gama or beta rays using Geiger-Muller counter
 

Zeeman effect
Fine structure effect
One electron and two electron spectra
Atomic spectra of two electron systems
Balmer series: determination of Rydberg's constant
Magnetostriction measurement with Michelson interferometer
Statistical analysis of data using charging and discharging of a capacitor
X-ray fluorescence
Moseley's law using NaI(Ti) scintillator detector
Gamma ray spectroscopy
Fourier series

Classification of signals and systems, Types of signals, Transformation of independent variable, Periodic signals and Periodicity, Types of systems, Analysis of Continuous Time Signals and LTI systems: Convolution, Impulse response, Trigonometric and exponential Fourier series, Eigen functions of LTI systems, Fourier Transform, Magnitude and Phase Spectra, Properties of Fourier Transform, Laplace Transform, Region of Convergence, Properties, Linear Constant coefficient Differential Equations, State Space Matrix for continuous time systems.

• Stokes parameter

• Diffraction at an edge

• Fourier optics

• Fiber optics-numerical aperture and fiber loss

• Measurement of refractive index and absorption coefficient

• Characterization of optical sources – LED and Laser diode

• Pockel effect

• Kerr effect

• Ultrasonic diffraction

• Holography

Social Science: introduction to sociology, anthropology – social science research design and sampling.

Ethics: professional and personal ethics – values & norms and human rights.

Fluid properties – fluid statics – fluid kinematics: material derivative, rotation, deformation – Reynolds transport theorem – physical conservation laws – integral and differential formulations – Navier-Stokes and energy equations – exact solution of Navier-Stokes equations: steady and unsteady flows – potential flows: basic flow patterns, superposition – waves in fluids – boundary layer theory: momentum integral approach, Blasius solution – introduction to turbulence.

Ray methods in optics, Fermats principle,ray transfer matrices(ABCD),unit planes, nodal planes, system of lens and mirrors.  Ray methods in  media with spatially varying refractive index. Aberrations, coma, astigmatism,
curvature, distortion and chromatic aberration.   (8 lectures)

Characteristics of the Sun – internal structure – solar observations – solar atmosphere – oscillations – Convection – rotation – magnetism – chromosphere – corona – solar wind – quiet Sun – Active Sun – Helioseismology.

Properties of known exoplanets – exoplanet surveys – detection methods – formation, interior and evolution of planets – brown dwarf exoplanets connection – close orbiting exoplanets – multiple planet systems – planets in binary systems – moons of exoplanets. Origin of life – prebiotic molecules and development of life forms – habitable zone – Mars and life – Icy bodies (Europa and others) – Titan’s atmosphere – detection of exoplanets – search for extraterrestrial life.

Scientific background : Variable stars, binary stars and their evolution, supernovae, pulsars and associated phenomena (even include testing theories of gravity using pulsars), accretion and associated phenomena (like x-ray bursts), gamma-ray bursts, rotating radio transients (RRATS), jets & outflows (micro-quasars etc), AGNs-blazars-QSOs.

Atomic structure: review of Schrodinger equation – overview of single and multiple electron systems – perturbations and level splittings – parity – spin orbit coupling – Zeeman effect – hyperfine structure – Boltzmann population of energy levels in thermal equilibrium – Saha equation. Radiative transitions: semi-classical theory – dipole approximation – Einstein coefficients and oscillator strengths – selection rules and transition rates.