Introduction to Geographic Information System (GIS) – Hardware, Software, Data types and models – Spatial data quality, Thematic maps, Symbolization, Scale and generalization – Co-ordinate systems, Map projections and visualization – Input / output techniques in GIS (spatial and non-spatial), Editing, Topology, Database structure – Analysis: spatial, network analysis, optimization of path, time and cost, Routing and events, Facility location, Interpolation methods, Digital elevation model, Surface analysis – Geovisualizatio –  Decision support systems, OpenGIS, WebGIS, Enterprise GIS –

Flows on the line: Introduction; Fixed points and stability; Population growth; Linear Stability Analysis; Existence and Uniqueness; Impossibility of oscillations; Potentials

Bifurcations: Saddle-node bifurcation; Transcritical bifurcation; Laser threshold; Pitchfork bifurcation; Overdamped bead on a rotating hoop; Imperfect bifurcations and catastrophes; Insect outbreak

Flows on a circle: Examples and Definitions; Uniform Oscillator; Nonuniform Oscillator; Overdamped Pendulum; Fireflies; Superconducting Josephson junctions

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X-ray diffraction
X-ray fluorescence
Dielectric loss variation with frequency and temperature
Curie temperature measurement
Magnetic susceptibility by quink's tube
Electrical conductivity by two probe and four probe
NMR
ESR
Hall effect
Band gap of LED using Newton's ring
P-N junction characterization

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Awareness of the impact of environment on quality of life – natural resources – biological systems – bio‐geo chemical cycles – chemical processes; water treatment operations, water sampling, storage, quality measurement – oxygen demand – detection of pollutants – current environmental issues; pollutants, global warming, causes and consequences, air pollution,organic and inorganic air pollutants, smog‐acid mine drainage, accumulation of salts in water– soil formation; micro and macro nutrients in soil, pollutants in soil – green chemistry: an alternative tool for reducing pollution – enginee

Spectra of alkali atoms, vector atom model, LS and JJ couplings, doublet fine structure, two electron atom, Zeeman and Paschen-Back effect, normal and anomalous Zeeman effect, Stark effect. Symmetric and antisymmetric wave functions, Slater determinants, constant field approximation, Hartree-Fock method, Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Fine structure of spectral lines, nuclear spin and hyperfine structure, spectra of diatomic molecules, polyatomic molecules.

Thermodynamic system and state variables, zeroth law; equation of state, law of corresponding states; first law and its consequences, reversible, irreversible and quasi-static processes; second law: heat engines, concept of entropy and its statistical interpretation, entropy balance, maximum entropy and minimum energy; availability; properties of pure fluids, Maxwell’s relations, evaluation of thermodynamic properties; thermodynamic properties of gas mixtures.

Resistance measurement through Wheatstone bridge
◦          DC excitation

◦          AC excitation

Measurement of capacitance
◦          Wein bridge

◦          Schering bridge

◦          Small variation in capacitance

Inductive transducers
◦          Inductance measurement

◦          LVDT