Optimization: need for unconstrained methods in solving constrained problems, necessary conditions of unconstrained optimization, structure methods, quadratic models, methods of line search, steepest descent method; quasi-Newton methods: DFP, BFGS, conjugate-direction methods: methods for sums of squares and nonlinear equations; linear programming: simplex methods, duality in linear programming, transportation problem; nonlinear programming: Lagrange multiplier, KKT conditions, convex programing

Theoretical Foundations: Macroscopic electrodynamics, wave equations, time harmonic fields, Dyadic Green’s function, Evanescent fields. Propagation and focusing of optical fields – field operators, paraxial approximation of optical fields, polarized electric and magnetic fields, focusing of fields, point spread function, principles of confocal microscopy, near field optical microscopy, scanning near –field optical microscopy

Quantum theory of light: quantization of the electromagnetic field, evolution of the field operators, quantum states of the electromagnetic field. Quantum information processing: quantum information, quantum communication, quantum computation with qubits, quantum computation with continuous variables. Density operators and super operators, fidelity, entropy, information and entanglement measures, correlation functions and interference of light, photon correlation measurements.

Laser for detection and ranging- LIDAR applications-Doppler wind LIDAR, Differential Absorption LIDAR for water vapor monitoring. Laser application in material processing – esp. CO2, YAG , Excimer,Ruby lasers-[material processing, Cutting, Welding, drilling, micro machining] – Interation of laser radiation with matter, Heat Flow Theory, Process characteristics etc. Laser anemometry, Schlieren Techniques for wind tunnels, Holography etc Lasers for metrology – Interferometery for surface characterization, precision length measurement, time standards etc, Medical applications of lasers

Introduction : Fourier Optics, Holography,  Optical thin films and periodical structures Bragg gratings, photonic crystals,  Gaussian beam propagation, ultra fast lasers, Fundamentals of Nonlinear Optics, Quantum optics.

Nonlinear optical susceptibility, wave equation description of nonlinear optical interactions - Sum frequency generation, Difference frequency generation, Second Harmonic generation, Phase matching condition, Optical parametric Oscillators, Quantum mechanical theory of nonlinear optical susceptibility- Schrodinger equation calculation, density matrix calculation.

Introduction to probability theory, properties of probabilities, random variabes and probability distribution, generating functions, examples of probability distributions, Gaussian probability distribution, central limit theorem, multivariate Gaussian distribution. Random processes, statistical ensembles, stationarity and ergodicity, properties of autocorrelation function, spectral properties of stationary random processes, orthogonal representation of a random process, Wiener Khinchine theorem, Karhunen–Loeve expansion.

Review of Semiconductor device Physics, Semiconductor Opto electronics- Solid State Materials, Emitters, Detectors and Amplifiers, Semiconductor Emitters- LEDs, Diodes, SLDs, CCDs, Semiconductor lasers- basic Structure, theory and device characteristics, DFB, DBR, Quantum well lasers ,Laser diode arrays, VCSEL etc. Semiconductor photo detectors:Materials - Si, Hg Cd Te, InGa As, Al Ga As, GaN etc for different wavelengths

Detectors :Photoconductors, photo diodes, PIN , APD ,Photo transistors, solar cells, CCDs, IR and UV detectors

Introduction to information theory- Shannon noiseless coding theorem and Shannon noisy coding theorem

Introduction to optical communication: Overview of General communication, advantage of optical communication, review of optical fibre and its propagation characteristics, signal attenuation in fibre, dispersion, classification and effect of dispersion in information transfer, review of fibre connectors, couplers, optical filter, isolator, circulator and attenuator.

Compensating TE modes of a symmetric step index planar, understanding modes, TE modes of parabolic index planar waveguide, TM modes of a symmetric step index planar waveguide, waveguide theory, Single mode fibers, pulse dispersion in single mode fibers, strip and channel wave guides, anisotropic waveguides, segmented waveguide, electro-optic and acousto optic waveguide devices, directional couplers, optical switch phase and amplitude modulators, filters etc, Y junction, power splitters, arrayed waveguide devices, fiber pigtailing, fabrication and integrated optical waveguides and devices, w