Exploring the Subject Matter of Economics: Why We Study Economics – Types - Definitions – Economic Systems – Economics as a Science. Principles and Concepts of Microeconomics: Demand – Supply – Production – Costs – Markets - Equilibrium. Basics of Macroeconomics: Role of Government – National Income Concepts – Inflation Concepts – Classical vs. Keynesianism. Economic Problems and Policies: Meaning of Development – Problems of Growth – Population – Agriculture and Industry – Balance of Payments – Planning – Study Report Related to Economics of Space Program.

Control Systems: Introduction to Control Theory - Control System Components, Modeling of Physical Systems - Transfer Function, Block Diagram, Signal-Flow Graph, and State-Space Representation. Time Domain and Frequency Domain Response - Relationship between the Time and Frequency Domain Responses. Stability - Concept of Pole and Zero - Routh-Hurwitz Criteria, Nyquist Criteria, Root Locus, and Bode Plot; P-I, P-D, P-I-D Controller Design, Tuning of Controllers; Lead and Lag Compensators. State Variable Representation and Solution of State Equations of LTI Control Systems.

Classification of signals and systems,Types of signals,Transformation of independent variable, Periodic signals and Periodicity, Types of systems, Analysis of Continuous Time Signals and LTI systems: Convolution, Impulse response, Trigonometric and exponential Fourier series, Eigen functions of LTI systems, Fourier Transform, Magnitude and Phase Spectra, Properties of Fourier Transform, Laplace Transform, Region of Convergence, Properties, Linear Constant coefficient Differential Equations, State Space Matrix for continuous time systems.

Introduction to Measurement and Instrumentation, Static Characteristics of Instruments; Types of Errors, Statistical Error Analysis, Propagation of Errors; Dynamic Characteristics of Instrumentation Systems, Sensor Reliability; Basic Analog Measuring Instruments (PMMC, Electrodynamometer, Rectifier) and its use as Electronic Voltmeter and Ammeter. Wattmeter and Energy Meters; High Current/Voltage Measurement – C.T., P.T., C.V.T; Null-Based Measurement - D.C. and A.C.

Awareness of the Impact of Environment on Quality of Life: Natural resources – biological systems – bio-geochemical cycles – chemical processes; water treatment operations, water sampling, storage, quality measurement – oxygen demand – detection of pollutants – current environmental issues; pollutants, global warming, causes and consequences, air pollution, organic and inorganic air pollutants, smog – acid mine drainage, accumulation of salts in water – soil formation; micro and macro nutrients in soil, pollutants in soil – green chemistry: an alternative tool for reducing pollution – engin

Boolean Algebra, Standard Representation, and Minimization Procedures: Logic families, combinational circuits, asynchronous and synchronous sequential circuits, Memories, PROMs and PLAs. Introduction to VLSI systems - CMOS logic - MOS transistor theory - Layout design rules - Circuit characterization and performance estimation - Circuit simulation - Combinational and sequential circuit design - Static and dynamic CMOS gates - Memory system design - Design methodology and tools - HDL. Design of FPRG, Complex CMOS design.

1. Design and implementation of combinational circuits using basic gates for arbitrary functions, code converters, parity generator / checker, magnitude comparator etc.
2. Design and implementation of application using multiplexers, Decoders/encoders.
3. Design and implementation of synchronous & asynchronous sequential circuit.
4. FPGA and Programming.

Analog Electronics

Social Science: Introduction to sociology, anthropology – social science research design and sampling.

Ethics: Professional and personal ethics – values & norms and human rights.

Review of Maxwell’s Equations – Boundary Conditions – Pointing Vector.

Electromagnetic Waves: Wave equation & Uniform Plane waves – Plane waves in lossy and lossless mediums – Normal and oblique incidences of plane waves.

Transmission Line Theory: LCR model for transmission lines – Analogy with wave equations – characteristics of lossless lines – VSWR, Impedance matching – Smith chart – Case study.